Cloud of bats

At dusk, Sydney’s Fruit Bats create a cloud of black winged creatures as they migrate across the city; they are one of the last indigenous creatures left in the heart of the C.B.D.

Ben Baxter, Trent Middleton and I collaborated on " A Cloud of Bats" , an outdoor lighting installation for the Lightwalk - a walk of 25 lighting installations that went from the Opera House around to the historic area of the Rocks on the foreshores of Sydney Harbour. Our installation evoked memories of the nightly bat migration that has existed in areas of Australia for thousands of years, while the sandstone reminds us of the amazing natural landscape on which Sydney exists.

Our fruit bats are now a vulnerable species but they can be legally shot for eating fruit from orchards. The use of proper orchard netting would make this killing unnecessary but netting can be costly and time consuming to install.

Our installation used this orchard netting to support our bat cloud as it flies up to Observatory Hill to feed on the fig trees. We use the colours of sunset ( created from Colourblast LED's) to wash across the magnificent sandstone wall to act as a fitting backdrop for these creatures of the night as they farewell the day.

I found working with Ben (artist/ designer) and Trent (architect) to be very enjoyable. Thanks to our lighting supplier Rick Cale from Xenian, structural engineer Harry Partridge and riggers Jeremy and Lea. Thanks to the Smartlight people for assistance and to all the people who visited the bats and gave us some great feedback. Photography by Sarah Smith.

Isis - part of the Sydney Smartlight festival

Because a single candle creates a very small amount of light, our forebears became quite ingenious at methods of utilising candlelight to light interiors. In the 18th century in particular, candles were mounted in magnificent candelabra and chandeliers which amplified the light through lead crystal drops cut into prismatic shapes. These designs were based on the principles of reflection, refraction and diffusion which were first written about by Newton and Huygens around 1690.

This work is an exploration of the nature of the light from LED’s and it’s potential usage in lighting works. LED’s are considered the future of lighting due to their energy efficiency and longevity and are the focus of my ongoing research. I am using the organic form of the Isis sea fan as a motif as a connection between technology and natural forms.

Technology and design

I was recently asked to answer the question “Can the art of lighting design keep up with the science, or will creativity vanish and lighting design become the victim of its own technology?”

One could also ask if design ever kept up with technology when it comes to lighting. I have studied the history of lighting and with every new technology, it took some time for designers to really understand it and use it to the best advantage both aesthetically and practically.

I see this happening with LED lighting now. Despite the fact that standard incandescent lamps are being phased out here in Australia, the amount of real engagement with this technology is comparitively small both here and internationally.
But why is this so?

LED lighting for commercial / domestic purposes is only a percentage of the total LED market (the figure of 30% was given to me recently). So lamp manufacturers make more money out of automotive and similar applications and there is a smaller incentive to develop this area.

There is also an issue that the solid-state industry itself is still developing. There is litigation on patents, uncertainty on standards and still some variation in the quality of LED supply.

However, more generally I think it is because new light sources are hard to understand. We evolved as a species with the sun (a burning object) as our main light source. Incandescent lamps are the closest proximity to this in terms of artificial lighting. So most luminaire designers, in particular, are either incapable or unwilling to learn about say, LED’s, and understand their particular properties. Design competitions and magazines still feature luminaires designed for conventional light sources.

I wonder if there is also a sense that designers design fittings like they were furniture – an emphasis on “ object “ type qualities such as form, material etc without any real understanding of the technology.

More inspiration

Like many designers, I am inspired by the work of particular artists. One such artist is Dan Flavin.

I recently read a book of essays about Flavin which added to my understanding of this artist. Flavin is best known for his lighting installations in the 1960's using fluorescent tubes strategically placed in a gallery or interior.

A few points I jotted down from these readings -

• the idea that Flavin’s art is not just about the work itself but about the physical space around it and the context of display.
• the connections between his work and the Impressionists, Matisse ( after whom he named at least one artwork), Mondrian and pop art,
• broader ideas of light as art – exploring the idea of light as impermanent, ephemeral, kinetic (pulsating and changing).
• Idea of the fluorescent tube being a “readymade” out of its usual environment of the factory or office.
• His work also poses questions about about our relationship with technology. ALso the transitory nature of technology - when Flavin was working fluorescent technology was still relatively new however, we are moving on from these light sources which in themselves will eventually fail.

There is a real elemental simplicity in Flavin's work which always challenges me as well.

sources of inspiration

People often ask me what inspires me in my work. The natural environment and the work of artists and designers all inspire me. But there some texts which have also got me thinking about the role of lighting. One of these is the seminal book by Japanese novelist Junichiro Tanizaki called In Praise of Shadows.

Written in 1933, Tanizaki contrasts the traditional Japanese aesthetic to, what he sees as, the intrusive nature of western technology represented by the electric light bulb. Japanese are comfortable with ideas of mystery and concealment ( expressed architecturally by the shojii – paper sliding doors which also act as walls and screens), whereas the Western approach demands that everything be exposed to the gaze of the viewer through the medium of the brightly lit interior. Tanizaki writes how Japanese find beauty in ….. “ the patterns of shadow, the light and the darkness, that one thing against another creates”.
As well as being inspired by the poetic nature of the discussions, I also came to appreciate how much of an intervention electric lighting can be and to look more critically at how lighting (and technology) functions in our interiors.

This book has been very influential and almost all good books on lighting refer to it in some way or another. I have my own copy - which I annotate with thoughts and ideas.

Designing lights

Is lighting about the product or the experience? Some designers are able to express the poetic nature of light but don’t understand the particular demands of this family of products. Light fittings need good resolution of detail, the correct material choice and an awareness of the practical demands (lamp maintenance, cleaning, installation). All this needs to look easy and the fitting itself should still express the beauty of light itself.

In my readings as part of my research degree I came across the following from an Art Journal in 1895. The author was un-named ( alas) but he or she has summarized it well:

"To design for electric light fittings is one of the things that seems so easy, and is yet to difficult; the good fitting has, as the good Philistine would say, so little to show for itself. Numbers of small details make up the design of the whole."

Got it in one– and yet we all still love designing lights!

News from Ruth McDermott

Hi, this is my first blog. I am hoping that it is a way of communicating with other like minded people who are interested in lighting. I am currently commencing a Masters by research around the area of lighting which I will be talking more about soon. I have also just found a new distributor of my Bling lights. A beautful gallery in Surry Hills, Sydney called Metalab. Hoping we can collaborate on some interesting work in the future.

cheers RUTH